Izamuka ryihuse ryibiciro bya magnesi ya NdFeB muri 2021 bigira ingaruka ku nyungu zimpande zose, cyane cyane abakora porogaramu zo hasi. Bashishikajwe no kumenya ibijyanye no gutanga no gukenera magneti ya Neodymium Iron Boron, kugirango bafate gahunda mbere yimishinga izaza kandi bafate ibihe bidasanzwe nka gahunda. Noneho tuzerekana raporo yisesengura ku makuru yerekeye magnet ya NdFeB mu Bushinwa kubakiriya bacu, cyane cyane abakora moteri y’amashanyarazi kugirango bakoreshwe.
Mu myaka yashize, umusaruro wa NdFeB ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho mubushinwa byagaragaje ko bigenda byiyongera.Magnette NdFeBnibicuruzwa byingenzi mumasoko ya NdFeB yimbere. Dukurikije imibare ya Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, umusaruro w’ibisumizi bya NdFeB byacumuye hamwe na magneti ya NdFeB uhujwe ni toni 207100 na toni 9400 buri mwaka mu 2021. Mu 2021, umusaruro rusange wa NdFeB uhoraho wa magneti uhoraho ugera kuri toni 216500, ukazamuka 16.4 % umwaka ku mwaka.
Igiciro cya magneti yisi idasanzwe yazamutse vuba kuva aho kiri hagati mumwaka wa 2020, kandi igiciro cya magneti yisi idasanzwe cyikubye kabiri mumpera za 2021. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko ibiciro byibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka, nka Praseodymium, Neodymium, Dysprosium, Terbium, yazamutse vuba. Mu mpera za 2021, igiciro cyikubye inshuro eshatu igiciro hagati ya 2020. Ku ruhande rumwe, icyorezo cyatumye itangwa nabi. Kurundi ruhande, isoko ryiyongera cyane, cyane cyane umubare winyongera ku isoko rishya. Kurugero, isi yose idasanzwe ya rukuruzi zihoraho z’imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa zingana na 6% by’umusaruro wa magneti Neodymium wacumuye mu 2021. Mu 2021, umusaruro w’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu urenga miliyoni 3,5, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 160 %. Imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi meza zizakomeza kuba icyitegererezo cyimodoka nshya zingufu. Muri 2021, toni 12000 zaimikorere-ikomeye ya NdFeBzisabwa murwego rwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Biteganijwe ko mu 2025, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’imodoka z’ingufu nshya z’Ubushinwa uzagera kuri 24%, umusaruro w’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu uzagera kuri miliyoni 7.93 muri 2025, kandi hazakenerwa ingufu nshya zidasanzwe zidasanzwe za Neodymium. Toni 26700.
Kugeza ubu Ubushinwa nicyo kinini ku isiuwukora isi idasanzwe ya magnesi, kandi umusaruro wacyo wagumye hejuru ya 90% yumubare wisi yose mumyaka yashize. Kwohereza mu mahanga ni imwe mu nzira nyamukuru zo kugurisha ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bya magneti mu Bushinwa. Mu 2021, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bidasanzwe mu Bushinwa ku isi ni toni 55000, byiyongereyeho 34.7% muri 2020. Mu 2021, icyorezo cy’icyorezo cyo mu mahanga cyaragabanutse, kandi kongera umusaruro no gutanga amasoko byiyongera by’inganda zo mu mahanga ziva mu mahanga n’ingenzi. Impamvu yo kuzamuka kwinshi kwubushinwa budasanzwe budasanzwe bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
Uburayi, Amerika na Aziya y'Uburasirazuba byahoze ari isoko nyamukuru yohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi bidasanzwe mu Bushinwa Neodymium. Muri 2020, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga icumi mu bihugu icumi bya mbere byarengeje toni 30000, bingana na 85% by'ibyo byose; ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu bihugu bitanu bya mbere byarenze toni 22000, bingana na 63% by'ibyo byose.
Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byibanda ku isi idasanzwe ya magneti ni menshi. Urebye ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi, umubare munini w’ubushinwa budasanzwe budasanzwe bwoherezwa mu Burayi, Amerika ndetse na Aziya y’iburasirazuba, ibyinshi muri byo bikaba ibihugu byateye imbere bifite ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga buhanitse. Dufashe urugero rwoherezwa mu mahanga mu mwaka wa 2020, ibihugu bitanu bya mbere ni Ubudage (15%), Amerika (14%), Koreya y'Epfo (10%), Vietnam na Tayilande. Bivugwa ko aho isi igeze ya nyuma ya magneti adasanzwe yoherezwa mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya ahanini ari Uburayi na Amerika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-09-2022