Gusobanura ibipimo ngenderwaho byigihugu byongeye gukoreshwa kubicuruzwa bya NdFeB no gutunganya

31 Kanama^st, 2021 Ishami ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubushinwa ryasobanuye urwego rwigihugu rwaIbikoresho byongeye gukoreshwa kugirango umusaruro wa NdFeB utunganyirizwe.

1. Imiterere isanzwe

Neodymium Iron boron ibikoresho bya magneti bihorahoni intermetallic compound igizwe nibintu bidasanzwe byisi byisi neodymium nicyuma. Ifite ibintu byiza bya magnetique kandi nikimwe mubintu byingenzi bidasanzwe bikora isi. Mu myaka yashize, ikibanza cyo gusaba cya NdFeB ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho byabaye byinshi kandi binini. Yagutse kuva mu gihugu cya mbere cy’ingabo z’igihugu n’inganda za gisirikare nk’indege, icyogajuru, ingendo n’intwaro bigera ku nzego zinyuranye z’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye nka ibikoresho, ingufu n’ubwikorezi, ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ingufu za elegitoroniki n’itumanaho.

Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye busabwa bwa NdFeB ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho mubikorwa bitandukanye, umusaruro wibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho bya NdFeB mubushinwa ubanza gutunganyirizwa mubikoresho bidafite imiterere ihamye, hanyuma bigatunganyirizwa mubicuruzwa byarangiye byubwoko butandukanye ukurikije ibyo abakoresha bakeneye. . Mugihe cyo gukora no gutunganya ibikoresho bya rukuruzi ya Nd-Fe-B bihoraho, hazakorwa umubare munini wimyanda itunganya, ibikoresho bisigaye hamwe n’imyanda ya peteroli. Mubyongeyeho, hazaba ibikoresho bibisi bisigaye murwego rwo gusya, gukanda, gukora no guteka. Iyi myanda ni ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu gutunganya no gutunganya Nd-Fe-B, bingana na 20% ~ 50% by'ibikoresho fatizo bya Nd-Fe-B, bizwi kandi ko ari imyanda ya Nd-Fe-B mu nganda . Ibikoresho nkibi bitunganyirizwa hamwe bizakusanywa mubyiciro, ibyinshi bizagurwa nubutaka budasanzwe bwo gushonga no gutandukanya ibimera, gutunganyirizwa hamwe no gutunganyirizwa mu butaka budasanzwe, kandi bizongera gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bya boron neodymium.

Hamwe niterambere ryinganda za Nd-Fe-B, ibyiciro bya Nd-Fe-B ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho birakungahaye kandi ibisobanuro biriyongera. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye burimo cerium, holmium, terbium na dysprosium. Ibiri muri cerium, holmium, terbium na dysprosium mu musaruro uhuye na Nd-Fe-B hamwe no gutunganya ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa nabyo biriyongera, bikavamo impinduka nini mu mubare w’ubutaka budasanzwe ndetse no mu bigize ibintu bidasanzwe by’ubutaka muri Nd-Fe -B umusaruro no gutunganya ibikoresho byo gutunganya. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe no kwiyongera k'ubucuruzi bw'ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu mahanga, hari ibintu by'ibikoresho bidahwitse bisimbuzwa ibyiza n'ibinyoma bitiranwa n'ukuri mu bucuruzi. Icyiciro cyibikoresho bitunganyirizwa bigomba kuba birambuye, kandi uburyo bwo gutoranya no gutegura nabwo bugomba gusobanuka neza kugirango byemerwe kandi bigabanye amakimbirane yubucuruzi. Umwimerere usanzwe wa GB / T 23588-2009 Imyanda ya Neodymium Iron Boron imaze imyaka irenga icumi isohoka, kandi ibiyirimo bya tekiniki ntibikibereye ibikenewe ku isoko ryubu.

2. Ibyingenzi byingenzi mubisanzwe

Igipimo kigaragaza ihame ryo gutondekanya, ibisabwa mu bigize imiti, uburyo bwo gupima, amategeko yo kugenzura no gupakira, ikimenyetso, ubwikorezi, ububiko n’icyemezo cyiza cy’ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu gutunganya no gutunganya NdFeB. Irakoreshwa mugusubirana, gutunganya no gucuruza imyanda itandukanye ishobora gukoreshwa (nyuma yiswe ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa) byakozwe mubikorwa bya NdFeB no kuyitunganya. Mu gihe cyo kwitegura, binyuze mu iperereza ryimbitse no kuganira n’impuguke inshuro nyinshi, twateze amatwi ibitekerezo by’inganda zikora inganda za neodymium y’Ubushinwa, uruganda rukoresha ibicuruzwa bya neodymium fer boron hamwe n’inganda zidasanzwe zo gutandukanya isi mu myaka yashize, tunasobanura ibintu byingenzi bya tekiniki biri muri gusubiramo iki gipimo. Muburyo bwo gusubiramo bisanzwe, ibyiciro byongeye kugabanywa muburyo burambuye ukurikije inkomoko y'ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa, isura n'imiterere y'ibikoresho bitandukanye bitunganyirizwa byasobanuwe ku buryo burambuye, kandi ibyiciro byashyizwe ku rutonde kugira ngo bitange ishingiro rya tekiniki ku bikoresho bitunganijwe neza. gucuruza.

Kugirango urutonde rwibikoresho bisubirwamo, urwego rusobanura ibyiciro bitatu: ifu yumye, icyondo cya magneti nibikoresho byo guhagarika. Muri buri cyiciro, isura igaragara yibikoresho igabanijwe ukurikije inzira zitandukanye. Mubikorwa byubucuruzi bwibikoresho bitunganyirizwa hamwe, umubare rusange wa oxyde yisi idasanzwe hamwe nigipimo cya buri kintu kidasanzwe cyubutaka nibintu byingenzi byerekana ibiciro. Kubwibyo, ibipimo byerekana urutonde rwibintu byose bigize isi idasanzwe, igipimo cyibintu bidasanzwe byisi nubunini bwibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka mubikoresho bitunganijwe neza. Muri icyo gihe, ibipimo bitanga ingingo zirambuye kuburyo bwo gutoranya, ibikoresho hamwe no kugereranya ibikoresho byakoreshejwe. Kuberako ibikoresho bisubirwamo akenshi usanga bitaringaniye, kugirango tubone icyitegererezo gihagarariwe, iki gipimo cyerekana ibisobanuro byinkoni yamashanyarazi ikoreshwa muguhitamo, ibisabwa kugirango hatorwe amanota hamwe nuburyo bwo gutegura icyitegererezo.

3. Akamaro ko gushyira mubikorwa bisanzwe

Hariho umubare munini wibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu bicuruzwa bya NdFeB no kubitunganya mu Bushinwa, ibyo bikaba ari ibicuruzwa biranga inganda za NdFeB zihoraho mu Bushinwa. Duhereye ku buryo bwo gutunganya umutungo, NdFeB umusaruro no gutunganya ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa ni ibikoresho bifite agaciro gakomeye cyane. Niba bidatunganijwe neza, bizatera imyanda yubutaka bwagaciro budasanzwe nibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ziterwa n’ubucukuzi bw’ubutaka budasanzwe, Ubushinwa buri gihe bwashyize mu bikorwa igenzura ridasanzwe ry’umusaruro w’ubutaka kugira ngo ugenzure ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe. Ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu gutunganya no gutunganya Nd-Fe-B byabaye kimwe mu bikoresho fatizo by’inganda zidasanzwe zo gushonga no gutandukanya Ubushinwa. Mubikorwa byose byo gutanga no gutanga isi idasanzwe mubushinwa kubikoresho bya magneti bihoraho bya NdFeB, gutunganya ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka birahagije cyane, hamwe n’ikigereranyo cyo gukira hafi 100%, birinda neza imyanda y’ibintu bifite agaciro gake cyane by’ubutaka kandi bigatuma Ubushinwa NdFeB ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho birushanwe kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Kuvugurura no gushyira mu bikorwa igipimo cy’igihugu cy’ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu gutunganya no gutunganya Nd-Fe-B bifasha mu gushyira mu byiciro, kugarura no gucuruza ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu gutunganya no gutunganya Nd-Fe-B, kandi bifasha mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa ubutaka budasanzwe, kugabanya imikoreshereze yumutungo no kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu Bushinwa. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibipimo biteganijwe ko rizana inyungu nziza mu bukungu n’agaciro k’imibereho, kandi rikagira uruhare mu iterambere rirambye ry’inganda zidasanzwe z’Ubushinwa Iterambere ryiza!