Amerika Yiyemeje Kutagabanya Ibicuruzwa bya Neodymium biva mu Bushinwa

Ku ya 21 Nzeri^stku wa gatatu, White House yavuze ko Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika Joe Biden yahisemo kutagabanya ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahangaNeodymium idasanzwe yisiahanini biva mu Bushinwa, bishingiye ku bisubizo by'iminsi 270 by'ishami rishinzwe ubucuruzi. Muri Kamena 2021, White House yakoze isuzumabumenyi ry’iminsi 100, isanga Ubushinwa bwiganje mu bice byose bigize isoko rya Neodymium, bituma Raimondo afata icyemezo cyo gutangiza iperereza 232 muri Nzeri 2021. Raimondo yagejeje kuri Biden ibyavuye muri iryo shami muri Kamena. , gufungura iminsi 90 kugirango Perezida afate icyemezo.

Iki cyemezo cyirinze intambara nshya y’ubucuruzi n’Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ibindi bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyangwa ibihugu byifuza kubikora kugira ngo ibyifuzo byiyongera mu myaka iri imbere. Ibi bigomba kandi koroshya impungenge zabakora amamodoka yabanyamerika hamwe nabandi bakora inganda zishingiye kubutaka budasanzwe butumizwa mu mahanga Neodymium rukora ibicuruzwa byarangiye.

Ariko, usibye nibindi bikorwa byubucuruzi nka moteri yamashanyarazi no kwikora, magneti zidasanzwe zikoreshwa no mu ndege zintambara za gisirikare hamwe na sisitemu yo kuyobora misile. Ariko, biteganijwe ko ibyifuzo bya magneti zikoresha amamodoka hamwe na magneti zitanga umuyaga biziyongera mumyaka mike iri imbere, bigatuma isi ishobora kubura. Ni ukubera koamashanyarazini inshuro 10 zikoreshwa mumodoka gakondo ikoreshwa na lisansi.

Umwaka ushize, raporo yakozwe n'ikigo cya Paulson i Chicago yagereranije ko ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi na turbine z'umuyaga byonyine bizakenera nibura 50% byaimikorere-ikomeye ya Neodymiummuri 2025 na hafi 100% muri 2030.Nk'uko raporo y’ikigo cya Paulson ibivuga, ibi bivuze ko ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha magneti ya Neodymium, nk'indege zirwanira mu gisirikare, sisitemu zo kuyobora misile, gukoresha no gukoreshaservo moteri, irashobora guhura n "ibicuruzwa bitangwa no kuzamuka kw'ibiciro".

Uyu muyobozi mukuru yagize ati: "Turateganya ko icyifuzo kiziyongera cyane mu myaka iri imbere." Ati: “Tugomba kumenya neza ko dushobora kugurisha hakiri kare, atari ukureba ko biboneka ku isoko gusa, ahubwo tunareba ko hatabura isoko, ndetse tunareba ko tutazakomeza kwishingikiriza cyane ku Bushinwa. . ”

Kubera iyo mpamvu, usibye icyemezo cya Biden kitagabanijwe, iperereza ryerekanye kandi ko Amerika ishingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahangarukuruzi zikomeyebyabangamiye umutekano w’igihugu cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, anasaba ko hafatwa ingamba zimwe zo kongera umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu kugira ngo umutekano w’ibicuruzwa bitangwe. Ibyifuzo birimo gushora imari mubice byingenzi byurwego rwa Neodymium rukwirakwiza; gushishikariza umusaruro mu gihugu; gufatanya nabafatanyabikorwa nabafatanyabikorwa kunoza uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko; gushyigikira iterambere ryabakozi bafite ubuhanga bwo gukora magneti ya Neodymium muri Amerika; gushyigikira ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa kugirango hagabanuke intege nke zurwego rutangwa.

Guverinoma ya Biden yakoresheje itegeko rigenga umusaruro w’ingabo z’igihugu ndetse n’indi miryango ifite uburenganzira bwo gushora hafi miliyoni 200 z'amadolari mu masosiyete atatu, Depite Materials, Lynas Rare Earth na Noveon Magnetics mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubushobozi bw’Amerika bwo guhangana n’ibintu bidasanzwe by’ubutaka nka Neodymium, no kuzamura umusaruro wa magneti Neodymium muri Amerika kuva kurwego ruto.

Noveon Magnetics niyo yonyine yo muri Amerika yacumuyeUruganda rwa rukuruzi rwa Neodymium. Umwaka ushize, 75% bya magneti ya Neodymium yacumuye yatumijwe muri Amerika byaturutse mu Bushinwa, bikurikirwa na 9% biva mu Buyapani, 5% biva muri Philippines, na 4% biva mu Budage.

Raporo y’ishami ry’ubucuruzi ivuga ko umutungo w’imbere mu gihugu ushobora kugera kuri 51% by’ibisabwa muri Amerika mu myaka ine gusa. Raporo yavuze ko kuri ubu, Amerika ishingiye ku 100% ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo bikemure ubucuruzi ndetse n’ingabo birwanaho. Guverinoma iteganya ko imbaraga zayo zo kongera umusaruro w’Amerika mu kugabanya ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu Bushinwa kuruta ibindi bitanga isoko.